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With gestational surrogacy, the surrogate receives a fertilized egg from the mother and father via IVF. This type of surrogacy has to be done with IVF because the mother has to contribute the egg. This often occurs when a woman will jeopardize her health with a pregnancy, when a woman cannot carry a baby to term, or when a woman still has ovaries but does not have a uterus. While the concept is fairly simple, the process can take quite a long time.

First, the woman will take certain fertility drugs before beginning one of her periods. These drugs will help the woman produce multiple eggs. Normally a woman would only release one egg every cycle. Sometimes other drugs will be used to ensure that the woman does not release these multiple eggs too early. During this time, she will be monitored by a doctor who will use ultrasound to determine when the eggs are ready to be harvested. Once the eggs are ready the doctor will use ultrasound and a special needle to harvest the eggs.

The eggs will then be combined with the sperm in a laboratory. The embryo is allowed to develop for a few days, and then it is inserted into the surrogate. The doctor uses a specialized catheter that is inserted into the cervix. Generally, any woman who does IVF will receive two or more embryos at a time. As a result, some women will give birth to multiples. A few weeks after the IVF treatment, a woman can use a pregnancy test to determine whether the embryos implanted. Many doctors will freeze eggs and sperm from the parents so that embryos can be implanted more than once.

Once the surrogate is pregnant, the parents will have to wait until the baby is born. People can find surrogates by using an agency that contacts women willing to be a surrogate. A surrogate will be screened for any diseases or issues that could affect the baby. The surrogate will also need hormone therapy in many cases before having the embryos implanted. The gestational surrogacy process is very expensive, and each state has different legal obligations that go along with surrogacy. Still, it is an option for people who feel like they are out of options.

The Parents

With gestational surrogacy, the child’s parents are the man and woman from the intended couple. The intended father contributes the sperm, and the intended mother contributes the egg. The surrogate mother in this case is not related to the child she is carrying. Some couples choose this form of surrogacy when the intended mother cannot carry a child for whatever reason. For example, some women cannot carry a child to full term because of a past illness or injury. When the child is born, the surrogate gives it to the parents, and she has no legal right to the child.

With traditional surrogacy, which actually dates back to biblical times, the surrogate is the child’s biological mother. The man from the intended couple contributes the sperm, and the surrogate contributes the egg. Couples might choose this form of surrogacy if the intended mother is infertile or has had a hysterectomy that resulted in the removal of her uterus and her ovaries. When the child is born, the surrogates signs the child over to the intended mother who legally adopts it.

The Process

The process used to create the child or impregnate the surrogate is different as well. In gestational surrogacy, doctors have to use IVF or in-vitro fertilization to create the child. Both eggs and sperm are collected from the intended parents, and they are mixed in the lab to create embryos. Some of the embryos are used as soon as possible and others are frozen in case the first attempts at IVF are unsuccessful. The doctor takes the few days old embryo from the lab and implants it using a special catheter into the surrogate’s uterus. Usually a couple of embryos are implanted at one time. In a few weeks, the doctor will be able to give the surrogate a pregnancy test.

In traditional surrogacy a process called artificial insemination is used to create the child. In this method sperm is collected from the father, and it is inserted into the surrogate using a special catheter. This is more likely to result in a pregnancy than IVF, and it easier to repeat.

The Cost

Traditional surrogacy is much less expensive than gestational surrogacy. In both cases, the couple will likely have to pay the surrogate. Even in cases of altruistic surrogacy, the couple will need to pay for the medical expenses surrounding the surrogacy and the pregnancy. Additionally, IVF is more expensive than artificial insemination, and this is the reason that gestational surrogacy is often more expensive. IVF can require more attempts to produce a pregnancy as well because the surrogate’s body has to accept an embryo, which is not natural for the body to do. Deciding which type of surrogacy is right for you and your spouse is a very personal decision that requires a lot of careful consideration.